KURWANYA INDWARA Y’IMVURA
Indwara y’imvura n’indwara y’uduhumyo itera igihingwa kunanirwa, ikangiza amababi, uruti n’ibijumba. Amababi n’uruti byanduye biba umukara, bikikunja ukaba wagirango byababutse. Indwara y’imvura kandi ituma ibibabi kuruhande bijya gusa umuhondo werurutse ndetse bikazana n’uruhumbu rwera ku gice cyo hasi cy’ikibabi. Indwara y’imvura iterwa n’uduhumyo (Phytophtora infestans) dukwirakwizwa n’umuyaga n’amazi kandi ikaguma mubirayi byanduye. Iyi ndwara ishobora gukwirakwira mu birayi kandi ibyafashwe birabora bikanuka.
Uburwayi bukomeye bubaho mu bihe bikonje iyo ubuhehere bw’umwuka buri hejuru (hejuru y 90 %). Indwara ikwirakwira vuba mumurima kandi,iyo itagenzuwe , ibihingwa byanduye bipfa mu cyumweru.
Indwara y’imvura irwanywa binyuze:
- Gutera Imbuto nziza z’indobanure zitarwaye
- Gukoresha amoko y’imbuto yihanganira indwa (mugihe ahari)
- Gukusanya no gutwika imigozi y’ibirayi nyuma yo gusarura
- Gutera umuti urwanya ubuhumyo ku gihe kugirango wirinde kwandura ndetse wice n’idwara nyuma yo kwandura uyirinde gukwirakwira.
Hari amoko abiri y’ingenzi y’imiti yica udukoko akoreshwa mu guhashya iyi ndwara . itsinda rya mbere ririmo imiti irinda uduhumyo dutera indwara , Urugero rw’iyo miti ikoreshwa n’abahinzi b’ibirayi mu Rwanda ni Mancozebe (Ditane). Iyo miti irinda uduhumyo, nibyiza kuyikoresha hakiri kare ibirayi bikimera mu rwego rwo kubikingira.
Itsinda rya kabiri rigizwe n’imiti irwanya indwara, yinjira imbere , ikazenguruka kugirango yice udukoko dutera indwara. Iyi miti ikoreshwa nyuma kugirango irwanye indwara mugihe imaze kwanduza igihingwa ndetse n’ibimenyetso byagaragaye.Iyi miti nayo ikoreshwa hakiri kare mugihe bigaragara ko indwara y’imvura ishobora kuhibasira, uwo muti winjira mugihingwa mwimbere ni Ridomil.
Iyi miti irahenze kandi igira ingaruka k’ubuzima bw’uyitera ndetse n’ibidukikije, Niyo mpamvu, ari ngombwa gukurikiza gahunda. isabwa yo kuyitera.
Gahunda isabwa yo gutera imiti irwanya irwara y’imvura niyi ikurikira:
- Bwa mbere, koresha umuti urinda indwara ariwo detani cyangwa Mancozebe ibirayi bimaze kumera nibura bifite uburebure bwa cm 10.
- Tera umuti urwanya indwara nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri , ni ukuvuga , nyuma y’iminsi 40- 45 nyuma yo gutera , igihe bigaragara ko indwara y’imvura ishobora kuhibasira .
- Gutera umuti bikurikiyeho, koresha umuti urwanyiriza indwara inyuma y’igihingwa buri nyuma y’ibyumweru 2 kugeza igihe amababi azahinduka umuhondo bitewe no kwera, usibye ariko mugihe ibimenyeso by’indwara bikigaragara mu murima. Iyo detane inaniwe warakingiye ariko ukabona byanze niho utera umuti wo gukiza witwa Ridomil.
- Mu gihe ibimenyetso by’indwara bikigaragara mu murima , tera umuti urwanya indwara , ibimenyetso nibimara gushira , subira gutera mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 2 umuti usanzwe urinda indwara.
Buri uko uteye , ukoresha ibipimo by’umuti nkuko bisabwa nuwawukoze. Urasabwa kutarenza urugero rwateganijwe, menya ko kurenza urugero bidatanga inyungu zinyongera ahubwo ni ingaruka mbi zitifuzwa. Umuti urinda indwara (nka Mancozebe igomba gukoreshwa byibuze amasaha 6 mbere yuko imvura igwa kugira ngo wirinde ko imvura iwukura kumababi.
Umuti urwanya indwara (nka Ridomil) ugomba gukoreshwa byibura amasaha 3 mbere yuko imvura igwa. Amababi agomba kuba yumutse adafite urume. Gutera umuti ntibigomba gukorwa ahagana saa sita , mu gihe hari izuba ryinshi.
